The Morning Vape: Flavors Paired with Coffee

作者： 研发团队，CUIGUAI调味品

出版：广东独特风味有限公司

最后更新：  八月 13，2026

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The morning pairing of coffee and nicotine is one of the most deeply entrenched rituals in the daily routines of adult tobacco and nicotine users globally. For vapers, this ritual presents a distinct and commercially significant flavor opportunity: the choice of e-liquid flavor in the morning context is not random — it is governed by the sensory chemistry of how specific flavor compounds interact with coffee’s aromatic profile, by the neurobiological interplay between caffeine and nicotine, and by the established consumer pattern of flavor-context matching that drives morning vaping product selection.

For B2B e-liquid flavor manufacturers and brand developers, understanding the morning vaping context — who is vaping with coffee, why specific flavor profiles perform better than others in this context, and what aroma chemistry makes a coffee-paired e-liquid truly exceptional — creates a concrete formulation intelligence advantage. This article provides a comprehensive, science-grounded analysis of the morning vape phenomenon, including detailed aroma chemistry of the top-performing flavor categories, the neurobiological rationale for coffee-nicotine co-use, and practical portfolio strategy for the morning occasion.

1. The Neuroscience of Coffee and Nicotine Co-Use

The pairing of coffee and nicotine is not merely cultural conditioning — it has a neurobiological basis that research is actively illuminating. Understanding why vapers specifically reach for their e-cigarette alongside their morning coffee provides the foundation for understanding what flavor profiles will best serve this context.

1.1 Coffee’s Effect on Nicotine Receptors: University of Florida Research

Research conducted by pharmacology professor Roger L. Papke, Ph.D. at the University of Florida College of Medicine, published in the journal Neuropharmacology (2022), identified specific chemical compounds in roasted coffee beans that directly interact with the same nicotine receptors in the brain that become hypersensitive during overnight nicotine withdrawal.

The research found that a compound in brewed coffee known as n-methylpyridinium (n-MP) — a biomarker of coffee roasting formed during the Maillard reaction — may help restore the nicotine receptor dysfunction that leads to morning nicotine cravings. By applying a dark-roasted coffee solution to cells expressing human alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (the high-sensitivity receptor type implicated in nicotine dependence), the researchers found that coffee’s bioactive compounds modulate these receptors in ways that could explain why morning coffee reduces the aversive quality of nicotine withdrawal — making the first morning vape feel more satisfying when accompanied by coffee.

‘Many people like caffeine in the morning but there are other molecules in coffee that may explain why cigarette smokers want their coffee,’ said Professor Papke. The implication for vapers is equally significant: coffee compounds may chemically prime nicotinic receptors for nicotine interaction, creating a genuine biochemical synergy between morning coffee and the morning vaping session.

1.2 Caffeine and Nicotine: Complementary Stimulant Pathways

At the pharmacological level, caffeine and nicotine activate complementary stimulant pathways that reinforce each other’s effects without direct competition. Caffeine works primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist — blocking the adenosine receptors responsible for promoting drowsiness, thereby increasing alertness and cognitive clarity. Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the prefrontal cortex, increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine release, enhancing attention, working memory, and reaction time.

Research on nicotine-caffeine co-administration has shown additive effects on cognitive performance measures — with the combination producing greater improvements in sustained attention and reaction speed than either compound alone. This complementarity creates a genuine functional motivation for morning co-use: the caffeine-nicotine combination delivers a more effective morning cognitive activation than either substance individually, supporting the morning routine as a performance-oriented rather than purely habitual behavior.

1.3 Sensory Context Conditioning: Why Specific Flavors Feel ‘Right’ in the Morning

Beyond the pharmacological synergy, the morning coffee-vaping ritual is reinforced by sensory context conditioning — a form of learned association in which specific flavor cues become linked with specific environmental contexts and physiological states. Research on context-specific conditioned stimuli in nicotine reinforcement demonstrates that flavors consumed repeatedly in a specific context (morning, with coffee) develop conditioned associations with that context, increasing the rewarding value of the flavor when consumed in the same context.

This conditioning mechanism explains why vapers who regularly use a tobacco or coffee flavor in their morning session report greater satisfaction from that flavor in the morning than from the same flavor at other times of day — and conversely, why sweet dessert flavors that pair excellently with an afternoon break may feel incongruous in the morning coffee context. Context-appropriate flavor selection is not aesthetic preference alone; it is learned neurobiological pattern matching.

2. The Aroma Chemistry of Coffee: What Makes Coffee Flavor Complex

Developing e-liquid flavors that pair effectively with morning coffee — whether by complementing, echoing, or contrasting its aroma profile — requires a detailed understanding of coffee’s chemical composition. Coffee is one of the most chemically complex food aromas known, with over 1,000 volatile compounds identified in roasted coffee, of which approximately 40 are considered primary contributors to the characteristic aroma profile.

2.1 Key Aroma Compound Families in Roasted Coffee

The dominant aroma families in coffee and their sensory contributions relevant to e-liquid flavor pairing:

• Pyrazines (2-methylpyrazine, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine): roasted, nutty, earthy character — the ‘dark roast’ backbone of coffee aroma; formed during Maillard reaction of amino acids and sugars during roasting
• Furanones (furaneol/DMHF, homofuraneol): caramel-sweet, cotton candy, fruity character — coffee’s inherent sweetness impression; also a key compound in strawberry and tropical fruit flavors
• Aldehydes (acetaldehyde, furfural, 5-methylfurfural): fresh, green, slightly pungent top notes contributing to coffee’s initial aromatic sharpness
• Phenols (guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol): smoky, spicy, phenolic character — particularly prominent in dark and espresso roasts; contributes the ‘charred’ complexity
• Organic acids (acetic acid, formic acid, chlorogenic acid derivatives): coffee’s characteristic acidity and brightness; lactic and citric acid components in lighter roasts
• Thiols (3-mercapto-3-methylbutyl formate, methanethiol): roasted, sulfurous, coffee-specific character — extremely potent, detectable at ppb concentrations; the ‘fresh brewed’ signature
• Vanillin and acetylpyrazine: vanilla-like sweetness and roasted nut notes bridging coffee and dessert flavor families

2.2 Coffee Roast Style and Aroma Profile Implications for Flavor Pairing

Different coffee roast styles produce markedly different aroma profiles, and the optimal e-liquid flavor pairings differ accordingly:

Coffee Roast	Dominant Aroma Character	Best Pairing E-Liquid Category	Key Sensory Rationale
Light Roast	Fruity, floral, bright acidic, grain	Fruit flavors (berry, citrus)	Complementary brightness; fruit notes echo light roast’s natural fruitiness
Medium Roast	Balanced: caramel, nut, mild chocolate	Tobacco, vanilla, caramel	Complementary warmth; tobacco’s earthy complexity mirrors medium roast balance
Dark Roast	Bitter, smoky, dark chocolate, low acid	Tobacco, coffee concentrate	Amplifying contrast; bold tobacco or coffee-on-coffee deepens the roast experience
Espresso	Concentrated: crema, dark chocolate, subtle caramel	Vanilla cream, tobacco, mocha	Creamy sweetness contrasts espresso’s intensity; tobacco parallels it
Cold Brew	Smooth, low acid, chocolate, mild sweet	Sweet fruit, vanilla, dessert	Low-bitterness profile pairs with sweeter e-liquid profiles without clash

 

3. Top E-Liquid Flavor Categories for Morning Coffee Pairing

Based on the aroma chemistry analysis and sensory pairing principles, the following flavor categories perform most consistently as morning vaping companions to coffee. The pairing logic follows classical sensory science principles: complementary (similar aroma families that reinforce each other), contrasting (opposing notes that create balance), and bridging (compounds present in both coffee and the e-liquid that create sensory coherence).

3.1 Tobacco Flavors: The Classic Morning Companion

Tobacco-flavored e-liquids are the historically established morning companion, mirroring the cigarette-coffee ritual that preceded vaping. From a chemistry perspective, tobacco flavor’s earthy, woody, and slightly phenolic character shares key aroma families with medium and dark roast coffee — particularly phenolic compounds (guaiacol-adjacent notes in both tobacco curing and coffee roasting) and Maillard-derived roasted notes.

For B2B formulation targeting the morning occasion, tobacco profiles most effective for coffee pairing include:

• Virginia-style tobacco: bright, slightly sweet, minimal harshness — pairs with light to medium roast for a clean, complementary morning session
• Burley-dominant tobacco: nutty, earthy, chocolatey — naturally bridging to medium-dark roast’s caramel and nut notes
• Turkish/Oriental tobacco blends: floral, spicy, aromatic — creates an interesting contrast with espresso’s intensity, particularly when enhanced with light vanilla
• Tobacco + vanilla hybrid: the addition of vanillin or ethyl vanillin to a tobacco base creates a natural bridge to both the vanilla notes detectable in espresso crema and the sweet aroma of caramelized milk in a cappuccino

The tobacco-vanilla hybrid represents a particularly effective morning pairing for espresso drinkers — combining the familiar cigarette-coffee ritual sensory memory with creamy sweetness that parallels espresso’s natural crema. For a detailed technical analysis of how tobacco and dessert flavor chemistries are combined, see: Fusion Flavors: Mixing Tobacco and Dessert — The Custard Tobacco Niche — which covers the aroma compound compatibility between tobacco and cream profiles.

3.2 Coffee-Flavored E-Liquids: The Direct Approach

Coffee-flavored e-liquids — those that directly replicate the aroma of espresso, cappuccino, latte, or cold brew — create a ‘coffee on coffee’ pairing that amplifies the dominant morning sensory theme. The formulation challenge is significant: authentic coffee flavor reproduction in e-liquid requires capturing the key volatile compounds of roasted coffee (particularly pyrazines, furanones, and key sulfur compounds) at usage concentrations that are thermally stable at vaping temperatures.

An important ingredient consideration documented by a CDC-affiliated research team (Lisko et al., published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2016) is that coffee-flavored e-liquids may contain actual caffeine as a residual from coffee extract ingredients — with caffeine detected in 42% of coffee-flavored e-liquid products tested, at concentrations ranging from 3.3 µg/g to 703 µg/g. While estimated daily caffeine exposure from these products was significantly lower than from drinking coffee, B2B manufacturers using coffee extracts in their concentrates should verify caffeine content via GC-MS and disclose it in ingredient documentation, as some regulatory jurisdictions restrict or require declaration of caffeine in vaping products.

Key sub-profiles within the coffee e-liquid category:

• Espresso concentrate: dark roasted pyrazine-forward profile with authentic crema sweetness from acetylpyrazine; pairs with actual espresso for an amplified single-origin experience
• Cappuccino: espresso base combined with cream lactone and vanillin components replicating steamed milk; creates a coffee-meets-dessert profile suitable for cappuccino drinkers
• Iced coffee / cold brew: lower pyrazine intensity, chocolate and caramel forward (cold brew’s natural extraction profile); pairs with cold brew or iced coffee formats
• Coffee caramel: adds cyclotene and caramel compound overlay to the coffee base; bridges to caramel macchiato and flavored coffee drinkers

3.3 Caramel and Vanilla Flavors: The Versatile Morning Bridges

Caramel and vanilla profiles occupy a uniquely versatile position in the morning pairing landscape because their key aroma compounds — vanillin, ethyl vanillin, cyclotene, furaneol, acetoin — are present naturally in roasted coffee (formed during the Maillard reaction of sugars during roasting) and thus create an authentic sensory bridge between the e-liquid and the coffee cup.

Furaneol (DMHF), in particular, is both a major contributor to caramel and strawberry-sweet e-liquid flavor profiles AND one of coffee’s naturally occurring aroma compounds — making it a ‘bridge compound’ that creates genuine sensory coherence between a caramel-sweet e-liquid and a cup of coffee rather than the dissonant clash that can occur when incompatible aroma families are combined.

In the morning context, the sweetness dimension of caramel and vanilla e-liquid profiles also interacts with nicotine perception — with sweet compounds providing cross-modal suppression of nicotine’s bitterness that is particularly valuable when morning nicotine receptors are sensitized by overnight withdrawal. For the full analysis of how sweetness modulates perceived nicotine strength, see: The Role of Sweetness in Perceived Nicotine Strength — which covers the biochemical mechanism directly relevant to morning vaping with coffee.

3.4 Menthol and Mint: The Refreshing Morning Contrast

Menthol and mint-forward e-liquid profiles represent a contrasting rather than complementary pairing with coffee — but contrast pairings can be highly effective when executed correctly. Menthol’s cooling sensation via TRPM8 receptor activation creates a refreshing counterpoint to coffee’s warmth and bitterness, particularly appealing for consumers who prefer their morning sensory experience to feel invigorating and sharp rather than warm and enveloping.

The mint-coffee combination has established precedent in the food world (peppermint mocha, mint coffee liqueur) and in cigarette-coffee pairing behavior. In e-liquid formulation terms, the menthol concentration for morning coffee pairing should be calibrated toward the moderate range — sufficient to provide refreshing contrast without overpowering the coffee’s aroma entirely.

3.5 Fruit Flavors: Light Roast Companions

Fruit-flavored e-liquids — particularly berry, citrus, and tropical profiles — pair most naturally with light roast coffees whose inherent fruity and floral character creates complementary alignment. Specialty single-origin coffees (Ethiopian Yirgacheffe with natural blueberry and jasmine notes, Kenyan with blackcurrant and tomato character) specifically complement berry and tropical fruit e-liquids through genuine aroma compound bridges.

For dark roast and espresso drinkers, however, fruit e-liquids create a more challenging contrast — the bright acidity and sweetness of fruit profiles clash with dark roast’s bitter, phenolic, low-acid character. Brand developers targeting the specialty coffee segment should explicitly position fruit profiles for light roast pairing.

4. Caffeine in Coffee-Flavored E-Liquids: What Manufacturers Need to Know

The caffeine question in coffee-flavored e-liquids represents an important ingredient transparency and regulatory compliance consideration for B2B flavor manufacturers. The research published by Lisko et al. (CDC, 2016; Nicotine & Tobacco Research) provides the most comprehensive published data on caffeine prevalence and concentration in coffee-flavored e-liquid products.

4.1 Caffeine Presence and Concentration Data

The CDC-affiliated study (Lisko et al., 2016) analyzed 44 flavored e-liquid products including coffee, tea, chocolate, and energy drink varieties. For coffee-flavored products specifically, caffeine was detected in 42% of samples tested. Detectable concentrations ranged from 3.3 µg/g to 703 µg/g — a more than 200-fold variation across products. The study concluded that estimated daily caffeine exposure from e-cigarette products was significantly lower than from drinking traditional caffeinated beverages, but noted that very little is known about the physiological effects of caffeine via inhalation as opposed to ingestion — a route with different bioavailability and absorption kinetics.

4.2 Regulatory and Documentation Implications

For B2B flavor manufacturers developing coffee flavor concentrates that incorporate coffee extracts or roasted coffee distillates as ingredient components, caffeine content should be measured by validated GC-MS methodology and disclosed in the Full Ingredient Disclosure (FIDO) document. This is important because:

• Some regulatory jurisdictions (including certain EU member states and others globally) restrict or require specific declaration of caffeine in e-liquid products
• Brand customers submitting Premarket Tobacco Product Applications (PMTA) in the US market or equivalent regulatory submissions in other markets require comprehensive ingredient disclosure including caffeine if present
• Consumer transparency expectations are increasing: vapers consuming coffee-flavored e-liquids with their morning coffee may inadvertently be adding to their total caffeine intake if the product contains caffeine
• Caffeine-free coffee flavor formulations are technically achievable through synthetic pyrazine-based approaches rather than natural coffee extract; this avoids the caffeine issue entirely while delivering authentic coffee character

5. Formulation Strategies for Morning-Occasion E-Liquids

The morning vaping occasion has specific formulation requirements that differ from general all-day or evening use. Understanding these requirements enables B2B flavor manufacturers to develop concentrates specifically optimized for the morning occasion.

5.1 Morning Formulation Priorities

• Clean flavor expression: morning sensory sensitivity is typically heightened after overnight rest; overly complex or intensely sweet profiles that may be satisfying at other times of day can feel heavy in the morning — moderate sweetness with clear, defined character is generally preferred
• Throat clarity: harsh throat hit is particularly unpleasant in the morning (when nicotinic receptors are sensitized); smooth nicotine delivery through appropriate nicotine salt chemistry, moderate nicotine concentrations, and complementary flavor smoothing compounds is a morning formulation priority
• Aroma-led vs. sweetness-led profile: morning occasions favor aroma complexity (coffee, tobacco, vanilla, mint) over peak sweetness — the sensory engagement of complex aroma compounds aligns with the coffee-oriented morning sensory expectation better than simple high-sucralose sweetness
• Device format compatibility: morning vaping often occurs in lower-vapor contexts (indoors, office environments); moderate VG/PG ratios (50/50 to 60/40) with good e-liquid viscosity for pod system compatibility typically serve morning use better than ultra-high-VG cloud-chasing formulations

5.2 The Morning Flavor Portfolio: A B2B Recommendation Framework

口味特征	Coffee Style Match	Nicotine Recommendation	Formulation Note	目标消费者
弗吉尼亚烟草	Medium/dark roast	6-18 mg freebase	Light vanillin enhancement improves pairing	Traditional smoker transitioners
Tobacco + Vanilla	Espresso/cappuccino	20-35 mg nic salt	Ethyl vanillin as bridge compound	Espresso drinkers; AM ritual vapers
Coffee Concentrate	All coffee styles	12-30 mg nic salt	Caffeine-free pyrazine base recommended	Coffee-immersed lifestyle vapers
Caramel / Vanilla Cream	Latte/cappuccino	20-40 mg nic salt	Furaneol as coffee bridge; high retronasal	Sweet coffee drinkers
薄荷/薄荷脑	All styles (contrast)	6-20 mg freebase or salt	Mid-range cooling agent; not max intensity	Refreshment-oriented AM vapers
Light Berry / Citrus	Light/single origin	6-18 mg freebase	High ester content; no sweetener overload	Specialty coffee enthusiasts

 

我们的 Tobacco Flavor Concentrate portfolio covers Virginia, Burley, Oriental, and Turkish variety profiles — each formulated for clean morning performance with specific vanillin bridging options for coffee-paired applications. Full COA, SDS, and FIDO documentation as standard.

For the caramel and vanilla cream morning pairing segment, our Vanilla Cream Flavor Concentrate is specifically engineered with furaneol-based bridging chemistry that creates natural aroma coherence between the e-liquid and a cup of coffee — making it one of our most effective morning-occasion concentrates.

6. The All-Day Vape Context: From Morning to Midday

The morning coffee-vape pairing creates a context-specific flavor association that can be leveraged for all-day vape (ADV) product strategy. Flavors that are established as successful morning companions tend to perform well across different consumption occasions because they develop conditioned associations with the rewarding morning ritual rather than being context-specific.

The tobacco-vanilla and coffee concentrate profiles, in particular, show strong ADV performance precisely because their sensory character is both morning-appropriate (complex, aroma-led, moderate sweetness) and broadly palatable throughout the day without becoming fatiguing. This makes them high-value targets for B2B formulation investment — products that serve the morning occasion while also performing as reliable all-day companions.

For a technical framework for evaluating whether a flavor profile has true all-day vape suitability — covering fatigue resistance, sweetness calibration, and coil compatibility across extended daily use, see: The “All-Day Vape” (ADV) Concept: What Makes a Flavor Tireless? — a detailed analysis of the formulation criteria for ADV-suitable concentrates.

7. 常见问题解答（FAQ）

Q1: What e-liquid flavors go best with coffee?

The most consistently effective coffee pairings, based on aroma chemistry compatibility, are: tobacco (complementary earthy-phenolic character), vanilla/caramel (bridging compounds present in both coffee and these flavors), and coffee-concentrate e-liquids (amplifying the dominant morning theme). Menthol provides a refreshing contrast. Light fruit flavors pair best with light roast specialty coffees specifically.

Q2: Why do tobacco and coffee pair so well?

Tobacco and medium-dark roast coffee share key aroma compound families — particularly Maillard-derived roasted notes and phenolic compounds (guaiacol in both tobacco curing and coffee roasting). This aroma family overlap creates natural sensory complementarity rather than conflict, which is why the cigarette-coffee pairing became culturally entrenched and why tobacco e-liquids replicate that pairing effectively.

Q3: Does coffee change how nicotine feels?

Yes — University of Florida research (Neuropharmacology, 2022) found that compounds in roasted coffee (particularly n-methylpyridinium / n-MP) directly interact with high-sensitivity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are hypersensitive after overnight nicotine withdrawal. Coffee’s bioactive compounds may help normalize receptor sensitivity, making the morning vape feel more satisfying when paired with coffee than without.

Q4: Do coffee-flavored e-liquids contain caffeine?

Sometimes. A CDC-affiliated research team (Lisko et al., Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2016) found caffeine in 42% of coffee-flavored e-liquid products tested, at concentrations much lower than in a cup of coffee. However, the effects of inhaled caffeine are poorly understood. Caffeine-free coffee flavor formulations using synthetic pyrazine-based chemistry are available and recommended for regulatory transparency.

Q5: What nicotine concentration is best for morning vaping with coffee?

Morning vaping, when nicotinic receptors are sensitized by overnight withdrawal, typically benefits from moderate-high nicotine concentration — 20-35 mg/mL nic salt for pod system users, or 6-12 mg/mL freebase for sub-ohm users. The caffeine from coffee adds independent stimulant effect, so the nicotine requirement for morning satisfaction may be somewhat moderated compared to other occasions.

Q6: Are sweet dessert flavors appropriate for morning vaping with coffee?

It depends on the coffee style. Ultra-sweet dessert profiles (high sucralose, very intense sweetness) can clash with coffee’s bitterness and acidity. Moderately sweet caramel and vanilla profiles bridge effectively to latte and cappuccino styles. For espresso or dark roast drinkers, lower-sweetness tobacco or coffee-concentrate profiles typically feel more contextually appropriate.

Q7: How does Cuiguai Flavor develop morning-occasion specific concentrates?

Our R&D team evaluates concentrates specifically for morning-occasion performance: sensory character at lower sweetness thresholds, aroma compound compatibility with coffee (tested via sensory panel with paired coffee samples), and smooth nicotine delivery characteristics appropriate for sensitized morning receptors. Full COA, SDS, FIDO, and GC-MS analysis are provided as standard, including caffeine content testing on any coffee-extract-containing formulations.

Q8: Can I request morning-pairing e-liquid concentrate samples from Cuiguai Flavor?

Yes. Contact our technical team via WhatsApp at +86 189 2926 7983 or email info@cuiguai.com specifying your target morning occasion profile (tobacco, coffee, caramel/vanilla, menthol), target coffee style (light roast, espresso, cold brew), and device format. Free samples dispatched within 24 hours of request confirmation.

8. Conclusion: Morning Flavor Strategy as a Commercial Opportunity

The morning vaping occasion is one of the most commercially significant and yet under-optimized flavor contexts in the e-liquid market. The neurobiological rationale for coffee-nicotine co-use is established: coffee’s bioactive compounds interact with the same nicotinic receptors that drive morning nicotine craving, caffeine and nicotine activate complementary stimulant pathways, and flavor-context conditioning reinforces specific flavor profiles as morning-appropriate through repeated pairing.

The aroma chemistry framework for morning pairing is equally clear: tobacco profiles with earthy phenolic character, vanilla-caramel profiles with furaneol bridging chemistry, authentic coffee concentrates built from pyrazine-dominant aroma systems, and menthol as a refreshing morning contrast. Each pairing category has a defined sensory rationale, a target coffee style, and a recommended nicotine delivery approach.

B2B flavor manufacturers who invest in morning-occasion formulation — developing concentrates with the specific aroma characteristics, nicotine compatibility, and sensory calibration that the morning context demands — serve brand customers who understand that occasion-specific flavor development is increasingly the source of durable competitive advantage in a maturing e-liquid market.

Start Your Morning Right: Request Coffee-Pairing Flavor Concentrate Samples from Cuiguai Flavor

Guangdong Unique Flavor Co., Ltd. (Cuiguai Flavor) is a professional e-liquid flavor concentrate manufacturer based in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Our morning-occasion portfolio covers tobacco (Virginia, Burley, Oriental), vanilla cream, caramel, coffee concentrate, and menthol profiles — each evaluated for coffee-pairing compatibility and morning-context sensory performance. ISO22000 / ISO9001 / HACCP certified. 20,000+ pre-developed formulas. 24-hour sample dispatch.

 

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参考文献

[1] Papke RL et al. (2022). Coffee and cigarettes: Modulation of high and low sensitivity alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by n-MP, a biomarker of coffee consumption. Neuropharmacology. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109173. University of Florida College of Medicine. Reported by MedicalXpress, Aug 17, 2022.

[2] Lisko JG, Lee GE, Kimbrell JB, Rybak ME, et al. (2016). Caffeine Concentrations in Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, and Energy Drink Flavored E-liquids. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 19(4):484-492. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw192. CDC/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

[3] PMC7171284. Sensory Evaluation of E-Liquid Flavors by Smelling — Orthonasal vs. Retronasal. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7171284/

[4] Specialty Coffee Association. Coffee Flavor Wheel (2016 version). https://sca.coffee/research/coffee-tasters-flavor-wheel

[5] Tovanvape. (May 2026). Vape & Morning Coffee: The Science of Morning Concentration. https://tovanvape.com/vape-morning-coffee-morning-concentration/

[6] RipeVapes. (November 2024). A Guide to Pairing E-Liquids with Drinks and Snacks. https://www.ripevapes.com/2024/11/15/a-guide-to-pairing-e-liquidswith-drinks-and-snacks/

[7] FDA. (March 2026). FDA May Approve Specific Non-Fruit E-Cigarette Flavors for Adults (including coffee, tea, spices). Psychiatry Advisor. https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/news/fda-may-approve-specific-non-fruit-e-cigarette-flavors-for-adults/