The Night Vape: Flavors for Relaxation

Author: R&D Team, CUIGUAI Flavoring

Published by: Guangdong Unique Flavor Co., Ltd.

Last Updated:  Aug 13, 2026

WhatsApp & Telegram: +86 189 2926 7983

Email：info@cuiguai.com

Evening Relaxation Vaping

Evening is the highest-frequency vaping occasion for a significant segment of adult vapers. After the day’s demands — work stress, social obligations, screen fatigue — the transition to personal time is frequently marked by a deliberate shift in vaping behavior: slower puffs, calmer settings, and a conscious move toward flavor profiles that feel warming, enveloping, and sensory-soft rather than stimulating or sharp. This is the ‘night vape’ — a distinct consumption occasion with its own flavor logic, neurobiological rationale, and formulation requirements.

For B2B e-liquid flavor manufacturers and brand developers, the evening relaxation occasion represents one of the most commercially undertapped segments in flavor portfolio strategy. While morning flavors (tobacco, coffee, mint) and all-day flavors (fruit, standard sweet) receive significant development attention, the specific formulation requirements of the evening relaxation context — lower stimulant character, warmer aroma architecture, smooth nicotine delivery, and calming sensory associations — are rarely addressed as a distinct category. This guide provides the science, the aroma chemistry, and the formulation framework to close that gap.

1. Why Vapers Use E-Cigarettes for Relaxation: The Research Evidence

Relaxation is not merely a casual justification for vaping — it is the single most commonly cited reason for e-cigarette use in multiple published studies. Understanding both the documented prevalence and the neurobiological mechanisms of vaping-for-relaxation provides the foundation for evidence-based flavor development targeting this occasion.

1.1 Relaxation as the Dominant Vaping Motivation

Research conducted by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center, reported by the Institute for Social Research, identified ‘relaxation’ as the top stated reason for vaping among adolescents — cited by nearly half of those who vaped in the past year and by over 70% of near-daily vapers. While this data is drawn from adolescent populations, comparable findings emerge from adult vaping research.

A study published in the journal Substance Use & Misuse (PubMed ID: 39482818; 2024), analyzing survey data from 436 young adults who vape (mean age 25.19 years), found that higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were all significantly associated with greater likelihood of vaping specifically for tension reduction or relaxation (p < 0.001 for all three mental health variables). Severe anxiety level was particularly strongly associated with relaxation-motivated vaping compared to lower anxiety severity levels (p < 0.05). The study concluded that ‘findings show that higher stress, anxiety, and depression are associated with greater likelihood of vaping for tension reduction or relaxation’ — establishing that the evening relaxation vaping occasion is particularly prevalent among vapers managing active stress and anxiety.

1.2 The Neurobiological Basis: How Nicotine Produces Apparent Relaxation

The apparent relaxation effect of nicotine involves a specific neurobiological mechanism that is well-characterized but sometimes misunderstood. Nicotine itself is a stimulant — it increases alertness, elevates heart rate, and activates sympathetic arousal pathways. The perceived relaxation effect is not a direct pharmacological action of nicotine on relaxation circuits; rather, it is the relief of nicotine withdrawal discomfort.

In dependent users, the anxiety, irritability, and tension that accumulate between vaping sessions are themselves symptoms of nicotine withdrawal — not pre-existing psychological states that nicotine treats. When a dependent vaper uses their device in the evening, the perceived relaxation is primarily the rapid reversal of withdrawal-induced tension as nicotine levels are restored. This mechanism explains why the Truth Initiative has documented that ‘research shows nicotine can worsen anxiety symptoms and intensify feelings of depression’ in the long term even while producing short-term apparent relaxation — a pharmacological paradox important for responsible communication in the e-liquid industry.

For flavor formulation purposes, this distinction matters: the short-term relaxation experience that vapers report in the evening is real and involves genuine physiological changes (nicotine-mediated dopamine release, immediate relief of withdrawal tension), and flavor profiles that enhance the palatability and sensory pleasure of the evening vaping session genuinely augment the consumer’s evening relaxation experience — even if the mechanism is withdrawal relief rather than direct pharmacological sedation.

1.3 The Flavor Contribution to Relaxation: Aroma and the Parasympathetic System

Beyond nicotine pharmacology, specific aroma compounds have documented modulatory effects on the autonomic nervous system — specifically on parasympathetic tone, the physiological state associated with rest, recovery, and reduced arousal. The mechanism is primarily olfactory: retronasal and orthonasal olfaction of specific aroma compounds (linalool, benzyl acetate, vanillin, geraniol, and related compounds) activates parasympathetic pathways through the olfactory bulb’s connections to the limbic system and hypothalamus.

Research on linalool — a terpene alcohol that is the primary aroma compound in lavender essential oil and is also present in many floral, citrus, and herbal e-liquid flavor compounds — has shown anxiolytic effects in both animal models and human studies, with inhalation of linalool-rich aromas producing measurable reductions in anxiety markers without pharmacological sedation. This establishes a genuine flavor-chemistry rationale for why certain aroma compounds, when incorporated into evening e-liquid profiles, may contribute to the relaxation experience beyond the placebo effect of habitual behavior.

2. The Aroma Chemistry of Evening Relaxation Profiles

Developing e-liquid flavor concentrates specifically optimized for the evening relaxation occasion requires understanding which aroma compound families are associated with calming, warming, and enveloping sensory experiences — and which are associated with stimulation, sharpness, and alertness (to be avoided or minimized in night-occasion formulations).

2.1 Pro-Relaxation Aroma Compound Families

• Linalool (terpene alcohol): lavender, floral, slightly woody; documented anxiolytic and parasympathetic-activating properties via olfactory pathway; present in lavender, bergamot, and many floral e-liquid flavor profiles at naturally occurring concentrations
• Vanillin and ethyl vanillin (aldehyde): warm, sweet, vanilla character; associated with comfort, security, and warmth through learned associations with food and care contexts; TRPV1 antagonist properties contribute mild airway soothing
• Benzyl acetate (ester): jasmine, floral, sweet; soft and enveloping olfactory character that contributes to the ‘warm blanket’ sensory quality of premium floral profiles
• Geraniol and citronellol (monoterpene alcohols): rose, soft floral, light fruit; gentle, non-stimulating aromatic character that contributes to relaxation-associated sensory environments
• Furaneol and ethyl maltol (furanone/maltol): caramel, cotton candy, warm sweet; the sweetness warmth of these compounds has comfort-associated sensory connotations that reinforce relaxation context
• Gamma-butyrolactone (lactone): creamy, buttery, rounded; contributes to the full, soft mouthfeel of cream and custard profiles that feel physically soothing during inhalation
• Limonene (monoterpene): citrus, fresh; at low concentrations (not as a dominant note) provides a gentle brightening that prevents overly heavy profiles from feeling stuffy; at high concentrations can shift toward stimulating character

2.2 Anti-Relaxation Compounds to Manage in Evening Profiles

The following compound types tend toward stimulating, sharp, or alerting sensory character and should be minimized or avoided in relaxation-oriented evening formulations:

• High-concentration menthol and WS-23 (cooling agents): cooling sensation activates TRPM8 receptors associated with alertness and refreshing sensation — low concentrations are acceptable as modifying notes, but menthol-dominant profiles are misaligned with relaxation context
• High aldehydes (acetaldehyde, butanal, hexanal): green, sharp, fresh-cut character produces an alerting sensory quality that contrasts with the warm, enveloping character of relaxation profiles
• High citrus top notes (limonene-dominant): bright citrus creates an uplifting, energizing sensory impression — appropriate for morning or afternoon occasions, stimulating rather than calming
• Strong tobacco phenolics (guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol) at high concentrations: the sharp, smoky, slightly medicinal character of high-phenolic tobacco profiles can feel stimulating and slightly harsh in the evening context

The contrast between evening relaxation profiles and morning stimulation-oriented profiles illustrates how occasion-specific flavor architecture differs fundamentally across the vaping day. For the morning side of this framework, see our companion article: The Morning Vape: Flavors Paired with Coffee — which provides the complementary analysis of stimulation-oriented morning flavor profiles and caffeine-nicotine neurobiological interaction.

Relaxing Botanical Aroma Compounds

3. Top Flavor Categories for Evening Relaxation Vaping

Based on the aroma chemistry framework and the sensory requirements of the relaxation occasion, the following flavor categories represent the highest-priority targets for B2B flavor development aimed at the evening vaping segment.

3.1 Vanilla and Cream Profiles: The Quintessential Night Flavor

Vanilla-dominant and cream-profile e-liquids are the most universally aligned with the evening relaxation context, for both neurobiological and cultural reasons. Neurobiologically, vanillin’s TRPV1 antagonism produces mild airway soothing; its warm, round aroma activates comfort-associated limbic pathways. Culturally, vanilla is universally associated with warmth, sweetness, and comfort across cuisines and consumer product categories globally — associations reinforced from childhood through food, scented products, and hospitality contexts.

Top formulation approaches within the vanilla/cream category for evening optimization:

• Pure vanilla: vanillin (primary) + ethyl vanillin (secondary complexity) + trace coumarin-adjacent compounds for a warm, slightly woody depth; minimal sweetener loading for a clean, uncloying evening experience
• Vanilla custard: gamma-butyrolactone (creamy body) + acetoin (buttery) + vanillin + ethyl maltol; the ‘nightcap’ dessert profile that is simultaneously satisfying and sleep-context-compatible
• Vanilla cream / whipped cream: vanillin + lactones (gamma-octalactone for coconut-cream depth) + ethyl maltol; lighter and softer than custard — suitable for consumers who find full dessert profiles too heavy before sleep
• Vanilla tobacco (night edition): a tobacco base with elevated vanillin softening — reduces the stimulating phenolic character of tobacco while retaining its familiar grounding effect; a transition profile for tobacco vapers seeking a calmer evening experience

Our Vanilla Cream Flavor Concentrate is formulated specifically for the smooth, warm character that the evening relaxation occasion requires — with a balanced vanillin / ethyl vanillin / lactone system that delivers TRPV1-soothing airway comfort and comfort-associated limbic activation. Available with full COA, SDS, and FIDO documentation.

3.2 Floral and Botanical Profiles: The Premium Evening Niche

Floral and botanical e-liquid profiles — lavender, rose, jasmine, chamomile, hibiscus — are uniquely positioned as evening relaxation flavors because their key aroma compounds (linalool, benzyl acetate, geraniol, farnesol) have documented calming effects via the olfactory-limbic pathway. Lavender-adjacent profiles in particular carry the strongest scientific backing for relaxation-associated aroma activity.

The formulation challenge in botanical profiles for e-liquid applications is thermal stability: many floral aroma compounds (particularly the more delicate terpene alcohols) are vulnerable to degradation at vaping temperatures. Successful evening-occasion botanical profiles require careful compound selection favoring thermal stability, and usage rate guidance that accounts for the concentration shift between cold-sniff and vapor-phase delivery.

Priority botanical profiles for the evening relaxation market:

• Lavender-vanilla hybrid: linalool (1-3% of flavor concentrate) + linalyl acetate + vanillin bridge; the combination of lavender’s documented anxiolytic olfactory properties and vanilla’s comfort associations creates the most scientifically grounded relaxation profile
• Rose: geraniol + citronellol + 2-phenylethanol (primary rose alcohol) + rose oxide (trace); a classic premium floral with soft, romantic evening associations; pairs with light fruit or vanilla base notes
• Chamomile: alpha-bisabolol (the primary calming compound in chamomile essential oil) + apigenin-adjacent aromatic notes + mild sweet backing; true chamomile profiles are technically challenging but commercially distinctive
• Jasmine: benzyl acetate + linalool + indole (at sub-threshold concentrations for floral depth without animalic character) + methyl anthranilate; a warm, heady floral that feels luxurious rather than energizing

3.3 Warm Berry and Stone Fruit: Accessible Evening Sweet Profiles

Warm berry and stone fruit profiles — blueberry, blackberry, ripe peach, apricot, black grape — occupy the accessible middle ground between the premium botanical niche and the mass-market fruit mainstream. Their warmth, ripeness, and relatively low citrus acidity make them sensory-compatible with the evening relaxation context in ways that fresh, bright tropical or citrus profiles are not.

• Ripe peach / white peach: gamma-undecalactone (peach, creamy-fruity), ethyl butyrate (light peach top note), delta-decalactone (peachy-cream base); the creamy lactone notes create an evening-appropriate warmth that differentiates ripe peach from its sharper morning-occasion counterparts
• Blackberry / black grape: ethyl butyrate (fruity top) + linalool (present naturally in many berry varieties) + dark fruit furanone notes + low acid; the natural linalool content of blackberry flavor profiles adds a gentle botanical quality with relaxation-compatible character
• Blueberry: the natural terpene content of blueberry flavor profiles (including trace linalool from the botanical family) contributes mild calming character that distinguishes blueberry from brighter, more stimulating fruit profiles
• Apricot: gamma-decalactone + gamma-undecalactone (warm, peach-apricot, creamy) + ethyl butyrate; the lactone-forward character of apricot profiles creates a warm, enveloping sensation well-matched to evening contexts

3.4 Dessert and Sweet Profiles: Evening Indulgence Flavors

Sweet dessert profiles — caramel, honey, brown sugar, warm pie — have strong evening association from cultural contexts (dessert as the day’s final meal pleasure, honey-and-milk as sleep-aid tradition, warm baked goods as comfort food). Their warm, round aroma chemistry (furanones, lactones, vanillin, cyclotene/caramel compounds) creates physical warmth sensations during retronasal olfaction that reinforce the evening relaxation sensory expectation.

The key formulation distinction for evening dessert profiles versus all-day dessert profiles is sweetness calibration: evening relaxation contexts favor warm, rounded sweetness (ethyl maltol-dominant, furanone-backed) over the sharp sucralose-heavy sweetness that performs well in daytime candy profiles. Excessive sucralose loading creates an almost buzzing sweetness intensity that feels mismatched with the evening context, while warm caramel sweetness from cyclotene and furaneol feels naturally relaxing.

Night Relaxation E-Liquid Lineup

4. Nicotine Strategy for the Evening Relaxation Occasion

The evening relaxation occasion has specific nicotine delivery requirements that differ from both the morning and midday occasions. Understanding these requirements enables B2B manufacturers to provide appropriate usage guidance to brand customers developing evening-positioned products.

4.1 Lower Nicotine Concentration for Late Evening

As the evening progresses toward sleep, nicotine’s stimulant effects (elevated heart rate, increased alertness, suppressed adenosine signaling) become increasingly counterproductive to relaxation and sleep quality. Research on nicotine and sleep published in multiple sources including the NIH’s National Institute on Drug Abuse has established that nicotine use within 2-3 hours of sleep onset can reduce total sleep time, REM sleep duration, and sleep quality.

This creates a practical evening nicotine strategy for vapers who use their devices in the hour or two before sleep: progressive reduction in nicotine concentration as the evening advances. Early evening (post-dinner, 6-9pm) may appropriately involve moderate nicotine concentrations (12-25 mg/mL nic salt for pod users); late evening (9pm-midnight) warrants reduced concentrations (6-12 mg/mL nic salt or 3-6 mg/mL freebase); and zero-nicotine sweet or botanical profiles specifically for the final pre-sleep vaping session.

4.2 Zero-Nicotine Evening Profiles: The Sleep-Compatible Vaping Niche

The sleep-compatibility concern creates commercial demand for zero-nicotine evening e-liquid profiles specifically designed to deliver sensory satisfaction without the sleep-disruptive effects of nicotine. These products serve two overlapping segments:

• Nicotine reduction vapers: consumers actively working to reduce their nicotine dependence who use evening as the safest opportunity to reduce intake while maintaining the vaping ritual’s behavioral comfort
• Sleep-quality optimizers: health-conscious vapers who are not reducing nicotine overall but specifically eliminate nicotine in the 1-2 hours before sleep to protect sleep architecture

For zero-nicotine evening profiles, the formulation priorities shift entirely toward aroma quality, botanical compound delivery, retronasal olfaction performance, and the sensory experience of the vapor itself — with no nicotine pharmacology to contribute to the satisfaction equation. This places maximum importance on flavor specificity and calming aroma compound selection.

4.3 Smooth Delivery: Nicotine Salt Formulation for Evening Comfort

For evening vapers who do use nicotine, nicotine salt formulations (which deliver higher nicotine concentration with lower throat harshness than freebase equivalents) are specifically aligned with the relaxation context. The reduced throat irritation of nic salt products means each puff contributes to relaxation rather than introducing an aversive harshness element that contradicts the calming sensory experience. Sweet flavor profiles (particularly vanilla, caramel, and floral) complement nicotine salt delivery by providing cross-modal bitter suppression that further smooths the sensation of each puff.

5. Formulation Framework: B2B Strategy for the Evening Occasion

The interaction between sweet flavor profiles and nicotine perception is particularly important for evening relaxation formulations where smooth, non-harsh nicotine delivery directly contributes to the calming experience. For the scientific analysis of how sweetness modulates perceived nicotine strength and harshness, see: The Role of Sweetness in Perceived Nicotine Strength — which covers the cross-modal bitter suppression and TRPV1 antagonism mechanisms that make sweet evening profiles especially smooth.

For the floral premium segment of the evening market, our Floral Flavor Concentrates — including rose, lavender-inspired, and jasmine profiles — are developed with thermal stability validation for the key terpene alcohol compounds (linalool, geraniol, benzyl acetate) that deliver the olfactory-limbic calming character documented in the relaxation aroma science literature.

6. Market Positioning: Communicating the Evening Relaxation Occasion

For brand developers, the evening relaxation occasion provides a compelling product positioning framework — but one that requires careful execution to avoid overstating health claims that could attract regulatory scrutiny.

6.1 Appropriate Positioning Language

Effective and defensible evening occasion positioning focuses on:

• Sensory description: ‘warm,’ ‘enveloping,’ ‘smooth,’ ‘calming,’ ‘comforting’ sensory language that describes the flavor experience without making pharmacological health claims
• Occasion context: ‘perfect for evenings,’ ‘your after-dinner companion,’ ‘designed for quiet moments’ — positioning that anchors the product to the evening context without claiming therapeutic effect
• Flavor authenticity: ‘botanically inspired,’ ‘warm vanilla notes,’ ‘lavender-forward’ — accurate description of the aroma character that creates the relaxation sensory experience
• Contrast with morning products: explicitly positioning the product as ‘an alternative to the day’s sharper, brighter profiles’ creates a product differentiation narrative that is honest and commercially effective

6.2 What to Avoid

• Claims that vaping reduces stress, anxiety, or depression: as documented by the Truth Initiative and public health research, nicotine’s apparent stress-reduction effect is withdrawal relief, not a genuine anxiolytic effect — making such claims both scientifically inaccurate and regulatory-risk-creating
• Claims that specific aroma compounds provide therapeutic anxiety relief: while linalool’s olfactory calming properties are researched, the concentrations delivered in e-liquid vapor are not clinically validated as therapeutic — describing the ‘calming character’ of lavender is appropriate; claiming it treats anxiety is not
• Sleep aid positioning: despite the evening occasion alignment, positioning e-liquid products as sleep aids would constitute a drug claim in most regulatory jurisdictions

7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What e-liquid flavors are best for evening relaxation?

The most sensory-appropriate evening relaxation flavors, based on aroma chemistry and the relaxation occasion’s sensory requirements, are: vanilla and cream profiles (warm, comforting, TRPV1-soothing), lavender-vanilla botanical hybrids (linalool-based olfactory calming), ripe peach and apricot (warm lactone character), warm berry profiles (natural linalool content, low acidity), and warm caramel/honey (comfort warmth without stimulating sharpness).

Q2: Why do menthol flavors not work well for evening relaxation?

Menthol activates TRPM8 receptors — cold-sensitive channels that produce a refreshing, alerting sensation associated with wakefulness and stimulation. While menthol is excellent for morning vaping, its sensory character is fundamentally misaligned with the relaxation context. Low-concentration menthol as a minor modifier in a warm floral or fruit profile is acceptable; menthol-dominant profiles are evening-inappropriate.

Q3: Is vaping at night bad for sleep?

Nicotine use within 2-3 hours of sleep onset can reduce REM sleep and total sleep time due to nicotine’s stimulant effects on the nervous system. Zero-nicotine evening profiles eliminate this concern while preserving the behavioral ritual. For vapers who use nicotine, progressive reduction in concentration as the evening advances (moderate early evening, low late evening, zero before sleep) is the most sleep-protective approach.

Q4: Do lavender e-liquid flavors actually help with relaxation?

Linalool — the primary aroma compound in lavender and many floral e-liquid profiles — has documented anxiolytic properties in peer-reviewed research, operating through the olfactory-limbic system pathway. Whether the concentrations delivered via e-liquid vapor reach clinically meaningful thresholds is not established. What is established is that lavender-profile aromas activate comfort and calming associations through olfactory pathways — contributing to the relaxation experience as a genuine sensory effect rather than a pure placebo.

Q5: What nicotine concentration is appropriate for evening vaping?

Early evening (6-9pm): 12-25 mg/mL nic salt or 3-6 mg/mL freebase. Late evening (9pm-midnight): 6-12 mg/mL nic salt or 0-3 mg/mL freebase. Pre-sleep (0-2 hours before sleep): zero nicotine botanical or vanilla profiles are recommended for sleep-quality-conscious vapers.

Q6: What makes an e-liquid ‘calming’ from a formulation perspective?

A calming e-liquid profile combines: (1) pro-relaxation aroma compounds (linalool, vanillin, geraniol, warm lactones); (2) low or absent stimulating compounds (no dominant menthol, minimal sharp aldehydes, no bright citrus dominance); (3) smooth nicotine delivery via nic salt chemistry; (4) moderate sweetness from warm-character sweeteners (ethyl maltol, furaneol) rather than sharp sucralose-heavy sweetness.

Q7: Does Cuiguai Flavor develop evening-occasion specific concentrates?

Yes. Our evening relaxation portfolio includes vanilla cream, warm botanical (lavender-vanilla, rose, jasmine), warm berry, ripe peach/apricot, and caramel profiles — each formulated with aroma compound selection optimized for evening calming character. Thermal stability testing for key botanical terpene alcohols is standard. Zero-nicotine compatible versions of all profiles are available. COA, SDS, FIDO, and GC-MS analysis standard on all products.

Q8: How do I request evening relaxation flavor concentrate samples?

Contact our technical team via WhatsApp at +86 189 2926 7983 or email info@cuiguai.com specifying your target evening profile category (botanical, vanilla/cream, warm fruit, dessert), target device format, and nicotine system (nic salt / freebase / zero-nic). Free samples are dispatched within 24 hours.

8. Conclusion: The Evening Occasion as a Distinct Product Development Priority

The night vaping occasion is not simply the end-of-day continuation of all-day product use — it is a distinct consumption context with specific neurobiological drivers (relaxation-motivated vaping, documented in controlled research as the most prevalent reason for e-cigarette use), specific aroma chemistry requirements (warm, enveloping, calming compound families over sharp, bright, stimulating ones), and specific nicotine delivery considerations (progressive reduction toward sleep-compatible concentrations).

For B2B e-liquid flavor manufacturers, treating the evening relaxation occasion as a distinct development priority — rather than assuming all-day products will automatically serve it — creates a genuine product differentiation opportunity. The botanical, warm fruit, vanilla, and caramel profiles optimized for evening serve a consumer motivation that is both prevalent (cited as the top vaping reason in multiple studies) and underserved by most existing B2B flavor portfolios. Manufacturers who invest in this category develop a competitive moat in a commercially significant segment.

Cuiguai Evening Relaxation R&D

Develop Premium Evening Relaxation Flavor Concentrates with Cuiguai Flavor

Guangdong Unique Flavor Co., Ltd. (Cuiguai Flavor) is a professional e-liquid flavor concentrate manufacturer based in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Our evening relaxation portfolio covers vanilla cream, botanical (lavender-inspired, rose, jasmine), warm berry, ripe peach/apricot, and caramel profiles — all developed with calming aroma compound architecture and zero-nicotine compatibility. ISO22000 / ISO9001 / HACCP certified. 20,000+ pre-developed formulas. 24-hour sample dispatch.

Technical consultation and free sample requests:

Website: https://www.cuiguai.com

Email: info@cuiguai.com

Tel: +86 0769 88380789

WhatsApp & Telegram: +86 189 2926 7983

References

[1] PubMed ID 39482818. Association of Vaping Reasons with Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Young Adults Who Vape. Substance Use & Misuse. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39482818/

[2] University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. Boredom, Relaxation and Experimentation Are Among Top Reasons Teens Vape. https://src.isr.umich.edu/news-events/news/boredom-relaxation-and-experimentation-are-among-top-reasons-teens-vape/

[3] Truth Initiative. (September 2021). How e-cigarette brands are trying to link vaping with mental health benefits. https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/emerging-tobacco-products/how-e-cigarette-brands-are-trying-link-vaping-mental

[4] Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. (2013). Lavender and the Nervous System. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi: 10.1155/2013/681304. (Linalool anxiolytic properties via olfactory-limbic pathway.)

[5] Marshall JG et al. (July 2025). New study links popular vape flavorings to increased nicotine reward. Marshall University JCESOM. https://jcesom.marshall.edu/news/musom-news/new-study-links-popular-vape-flavorings-to-increased-nicotine-reward/

[6] PMC12104523. Effects of Nicotine Content and Preferred Flavor on Subjective Vaping Experience. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12104523/

[7] PMC8504555. Modeling the Effect of Stress on Vaping Behavior among E-cigarette Users. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8504555/